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The New York Times Interview
A Diplomat’s Unlikely Rise to ‘Slumdog’ Acclaim
By Mark McDonald Published: April 1, 2009
HONG KONG — It’s an impossible story, really, how a modest fellow from a family of lawyers becomes a back-office diplomat in the Indian Foreign Service, writes his first novel in a feverish two months, finds a clientless agent over the Internet and has a British director turn his mid-list book into a movie that wins the best-picture Academy award and seven other Oscars.
The recent career trajectory of Vikas Swarup is nearly as preposterous as the plot of his novel, “Q & A,” the tale of an uneducated waiter from a Mumbai slum who wins a billion rupees on an Indian quiz show. Mr. Swarup, 47, recently found himself onstage at the Academy Awards, celebrating in the joyous scrum of young Indian actors from “Slumdog Millionaire.”
“Quite amazing,” he said in an interview here. “This kind of thing happens to Tom Cruise, not to authors. But I console myself that this too shall pass and life will return to normal.”
Any return to normal for Mr. Swarup, if that’s even possible now, could begin in Osaka, Japan, where this summer he will take over as consul general. His wife, Aparna, a painter, and their two sons will soon start packing for the move from their current posting in South Africa.
Mr. Swarup, during a brief Hong Kong vacation, was staying at the home of the Indian consul general, a longtime friend from the foreign service. During a long, animated conversation at the official residence on The Peak, an upscale neighborhood, the writer seemed genuinely amazed by his good fortune — with the film, with a renewed interest in his novel, at his luck in even being published at all.
And it’s luck that animates his novel, which is substantially different from the film. Mr. Swarup allows himself the occasional grimace in talking about the numerous changes in the script. But, ever the diplomat, he says the screenwriter, Simon Beaufoy, and the director, Danny Boyle, stayed “faithful to the central narrative structure.”
That narrative is a series of flashbacks from the young waiter’s life — episodes that are by turns poignant, violent, whacky, woeful — that explain how he knows the answers to each of the quiz-show questions. Set against the poverty and predations in the slum of Dharavi, the novel (and the film) amount to a kind of docu-fable.
The word slumdog, an invention of the filmmakers, caused an immediate furor, as they no doubt expected, and criticism of both the novel and the film was deep and angry. It was particularly acid from within India.
“Poverty porn” has been a commonly heard label, and nationalistic critics have assailed the book for portraying some of India’s darkest sides — poverty, crime, violence, police torture, incest, child prostitution. The novelist Salman Rushdie savaged the novel as “a corny potboiler” and “the kind of fantasy writing that gives fantasy writing a bad name.”
Mr. Swarup was certainly stung by the criticisms, but said he understood the strong reactions. “Indians are sensitive to the way their country is represented, but the film was not a documentary on slum life,” said Mr. Swarup. “Slums provide the backdrop to the story of the courage and determination of this boy who beats the odds.”
Beating the odds in “Q & A” required correct answers to a set of questions. So, in that spirit:
You arranged to get passports at the last minute for the two youngest kids in the film — who actually do live in a Mumbai slum — so they could travel to Los Angeles for the Oscars. They had no birth certificates? They had no documents of any kind. I spoke to the head of our passport office. These two kids, acting in a film, traveling in a plane for the first time, standing on the stage with Steven Spielberg — that really moved me. The message of that night was plain: It doesn’t matter where you come from, from the slums or a five-star family. And that was the point of the book.
An intrinsic theme of the book seems to be captured by the Hindi word “jugaad’’ — ingenuity, perseverance, fix it. Exactly, jugaad means to get the job done, somehow or other. It’s really the spirit of India. My phone recently had water damage and I gave it to the Nokia dealer. He said, “No can do. Can’t be fixed. Just buy a new phone.” If that had happened in India, some local guy in a little shop would have cloned an old Samsung or Motorola or whatever, and five minutes later, “Here you are Mr. Swarup, it works!” They would never say it cannot be done. Jugaad is the spirit of whatever-it-takes. That’s India. And that’s the spirit of those kids.
You’ve said you never went to the Dharavi slum for research, or any other slum. Did you do any scouting or interviews as research? No. None. Because I wasn’t trying for that level of realism. That’s the great thing about fiction. In my invented universe, I make the rules. Google took me wherever I needed to go. Without Google I couldn’t have written the book in two months.
I heard you were incensed over the change to “Slumdog Millionaire.’’ For the name of the book, not for the film. I was very annoyed. I immediately said, “I need a lawyer! Can they do this? How can they change the title of my book without my consent?” They explained to me that this new edition of the book was the film tie-in. I’m actually quite happy with it now. Now when someone has seen the film I say go and read the book. It’s different. A different pleasure at a different level.
The filmmakers changed the three-dimensional name of the lead character from Ram Mohammad Thomas to Jamal Malik. They cut out the gay, tattooed, cocaine-snorting priest with a leather fetish who dies in a murder-suicide with another priest. They changed a lot. What changes bothered you the most? The name of Ram Mohammad Thomas is a unique name and I would have loved to have it in the movie. They also were interested in this heavy-duty love story. The opera scene in Agra in the movie still makes no sense to me. These are some of the issues, and I’d love to have a detailed conversation with Danny about it one day.
You’ve described the book-to-film process as giving away one’s daughter in marriage. But you consulted with Simon Beaufoy over a couple of preliminary drafts. Did you have major input on the screenplay? I only made a few suggestions. They had $20 million riding on this film. My comfort level was high. If I tinkered with it too much and the film didn’t do well, they might say, “You scuppered our chances.” Simon told me he loved the novel and would remain faithful to the soul of the book. But when somebody tells you they will be faithful to the soul, you know the body will get mangled.
Did you watch any of the shooting or do rewrites on the set? No, I had no direct role at all. I was not consulted. That’s not my film. It’s Danny Boyle’s film. After the screenplay was done, they said, “O.K., the author’s work is over. Thank you, Mr. Swarup. See you — or not see you.”
You signed over the global film rights perhaps too cheaply, which happened a year before “Q & A’’ even came out. But do you get royalties from the film? Are you wealthy now? As a first-time author, if they say sign on Page 72 of the contract, you sign on Page 72. You don’t say, “Hey, what about Clause No. 1.2, subsection (g)?” Honestly, about royalties, I don’t really know. I can confidently say I’m not a dollar millionaire.
Your initial publishing deal was for two books, and the second book is out. So now will you really cash in, with your third book and a film deal? Why not skip the books and go right to writing screenplays? Cash in? I don’t know. But I’m a free agent and I can go with whoever I want. I am getting lots of offers from Bollywood. But screenplay writing is by committee. One chap says , “I want sex.” The second chap wants action. And on and on. With books you’re free to write what you want.
The second novel, ‘‘Six Suspects,’’ seems like a nod to Sherlock Holmes and Hercule Poirot, plotted like a guess-the-murderer whodunit. No, neither of those, not at all. I had read “Cloud Atlas,” by David Mitchell, a series of six stories that suddenly stop. I liked the conceit of that, and I tried for something similar, with an overarching narrative that ties everything together. I was trying to punch the boundaries of the murder mystery. I’m a sucker for the genre.
Find the interview at: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/02/arts/02iht-zslumdog.html?ref=global-home&pagewanted=all
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The Guardian Interview Friday 16 January 2009
'I'm the luckiest novelist in the world'By day Vikas Swarup is a high-flying Indian diplomat; by night he's a bestselling author. And now Slumdog Millionaire, the film based on his first novel, has won four Golden Globes. Stuart Jeffries meets him
Vikas Swarup, author of the book Q and A which was made into the film Slumdog Millionaire.
When they made a film of Vikas Swarup's bestseller, they gave it an extreme makeover. But can I get the author to say anything critical about Danny Boyle's hit adaptation of his debut novel, about a penniless orphan who wins India's Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Not a chance. Swarup, you see, is a diplomat. And not just any diplomat: his sumptuous business card, embossed with three golden lions, tells me he is minister and deputy high commissioner of India, based in Pretoria.
They changed the title from Q&A to Slumdog Millionaire. ("That made a lot of sense," says Swarup.) They changed the ending. ("Danny thought the hero should be arrested on suspicion of cheating on the penultimate question, not after he wins as I had it. That was a successful idea.") They made friends into brothers, axed Bollywood stars and Mumbai hoodlums and left thrilling subplots on the cutting-room floor. Crucially, they changed the lead character's name from Ram Mohammad Thomas to Jamal Malik, thereby losing Swarup's notion that his hero would be an Indian everyman, one who sounded as though he was Hindu, Muslim and Christian. Instead, they made Jamal a Muslim whose mother is killed by a Hindu mob. ("It's more dramatically focused as a result, perhaps more politically correct.")
"I was forewarned of the changes by Simon Beaufoy, the screenwriter," Swarup says. And he's still happy. "The film is beautiful. The plot is riveting. The child actors are breathtaking."
Swarup has one niggle. He worries how that scene of Hindu mobs murdering Muslims will play when the film opens in India next week. "People in India are sensitive about how they're portrayed, so there will be criticisms. But a Bollywood director recently told me Slumdog Millionaire's failing was that it wasn't extreme enough to be truly Indian. India has a genius for recycling its contradictions." Swarup rewards my sceptical frown with an endearing smile.
But why would Swarup complain? From the window table of our restaurant in London's Victoria, bus after bus rolls by advertising Slumdog Millionaire. He points them out. His debut novel, already translated into 37 languages and garnering awards around the world, is back in the bestseller lists. And Swarup is basking in the glow of the four Golden Globes that the film won this week. Not to mention the 11 Bafta nominations. Paulina, our waitress, notices his novel on the table and tells me she loved the film. "It was about real struggles against adversity," she says. "It really spoke to me."
Fair enough, Paulina, but what you don't know is that the Slumdog Millionaire from Mumbai's meanest streets was born in London's rather more genteel Golders Green. He came to life on Swarup's laptop while the diplomat was finishing his British tour of duty at the Indian high commission in 2003.
"I had two months left in London before I went home," recalls Swarup, 48. "My family [wife Aparna, sons Aditya and Varun] had already returned to Delhi, partly because our children were not really rooted as Indians. We had been in Turkey, Washington, Addis Ababa and London and it was time to go home. My eldest son supported the England cricket team. His hero was Andrew Flintoff. Terrible!
"After they had gone, I thought: 'Now is the time to write the novel.' But I'm not one of those writers who wants to spend four pages describing a sunrise. There are so many of them in India. I'm a sucker for thrillers and I wanted to write one. I'm much more influenced by Alastair MacLean and James Hadley Chase. I'm no Arundhati Roy."
A catalyst was Major Charles Ingram, convicted for cheating his way to winning the British version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? "If a British army major can be accused of cheating, then an ignorant tiffin boy from the world's biggest slum can definitely be accused of cheating."
Swarup's conceit was that an uneducated hero becomes a contestant on Who Wants to be a Millionaire? and, through the sort of miraculous fortune that would make an atheist believe in a benevolent personal deity, is asked a series of questions that he can answer. Ram's success makes everyone suspicious. How can a slumdog know who Shakespeare was? Q&A's retort is that Ram's adventures in orphanages and brothels, with gangsters and Bollywood celebrities, have taught him the answers to each question India's Chris Tarrant poses. The novel's seductive opening sentences are: "I have been arrested. For winning a quizshow."
Swarup is the second Indian novelist to have hit the headlines recently with a slum-dwelling chai wallah hero who gets rich quick. The other was Aravind Adiga, whose novel White Tiger won the Booker last October. Like Adiga, Swarup is from a middle-class Indian family. His parents were lawyers in Allahaband. His grandfather's library, which little Vikas ploughed through, had a first edition of Mein Kampf next to Isaiah Berlin's Two Concepts of Liberty. Swarup is many things, but no slumdog.
"This isn't social critique," he objects. "It's a novel written by someone who uses what he finds to tell a story. I don't have firsthand experience of betting on cricket or rape or murder. I don't know if it's true that there are beggar masters who blind children to make them more effective when they beg on the streets. It may be an urban myth, but it's useful to my story."
Swarup knew that he had to complete his novel before leaving London. "I'd been made India's director of relations with Pakistan. It was going to be 9am to 9pm every day. So I had to finish the book before I got the plane home."
He wrote quickly - one productive weekend yielded 20,000 words. "It was only with the 11th agent I sent chapters to that I got anywhere. I emailed Peter Buckman the first four and a half chapters on Wednesday. On Thursday he wrote back. The following week we met. He told me he wanted to sell the book. The only problem was there was no book."
On 11 September 2003, however, he handed the first draft to Buckman. Soon afterwards, Buckman negotiated a six-figure two-book deal for his client with Transworld. "I am the luckiest novelist in the world. I was a first-time novelist who wasn't awash in rejection slips, whose manuscript didn't disappear in slush piles. I have had a wonderful time."
Like Adiga's White Tiger, however, Swarup's novel is unlikely to win plaudits from the Indian tourist board. Its depiction of Swarup's homeland is hardly diplomatic. "You might think that, but I have had no complaints, not from the Mumbai police [whom he depicts as child torturers] or from anyone in the government. My country respects artistic freedom."
Before Q&A, Swarup's last published story was written half a lifetime ago. It was called The Autobiography of a Donkey. No one yet has optioned the film rights. "Maybe I only had one great idea that everybody can enjoy: the story of an underdog who wins. I'm not so sure I'll ever be so lucky to come across another story."
His second novel, Six Suspects, was published last year. But this complex, Indian-set whodunnit has a major problem. "The problem is my nine-year-old son. He claims to have read Six Suspects. He told me he wanted an MP3 player for finishing it. I said no. Now he threatens that if I don't he'll name the murderer from my book on Facebook."
Our time is up. After lunch, Swarup must fly back to South Africa. Is it difficult to be a writer and a diplomat? "I can't write in the crevices of a working day. So it's hard."
Does he dream about giving up the day job? "No! There's no better time to be an Indian diplomat. India is the flavour of the season. While the rest of the world is going to hell, India and China are doing well. I revel in my job".
Find the interview at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/jan/16/danny-boyle-india
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The Agence France-Presse Interview
Slumdog Millionaire author Vikas Swarup keeps his day job
Penny MacRae January 23, 2009 02:45pm
VIKAS Swarup is extremely modest for an author whose novel inspired the hit film Slumdog Millionaire that has won four Golden Globes and 10 Oscar nominations – but then he's a diplomat.
"I'm living proof that if I can write a book, anyone can," said Swarup, 47, deputy high commissioner at the Indian mission in South Africa.
He says he has no intention of giving up his day job to be a full-time author despite Slumdog being translated into 37 languages and a film option already having been taken out on his second novel Six Suspects.
In fact, Swarup still seems surprised at the success of his debut work, in which a poverty-stricken orphan wins India's version of Who wants to be a Millionaire by answering the quiz show questions from memories of his tormented past.
"I was writing to prove to myself that I could write a book. I only thought it might appeal to Indians - not that it would have this worldwide appeal," he told AFP.
But Slumdog, originally titled Q&A, not only won a wide readership, it is now gaining worldwide fame through British director Danny Boyle's film adaptation that won 10 Academy Award nominations, including Best Film and Best Director.
Swarup says he's "extremely happy" with the movie, even though the plot undergoes a thorough makeover in Boyle's hands.
"They had to simplify and change it. A film can't go into the detail that a book does," he said in an interview at the annual Jaipur Literature Festival in northern India, where he was mobbed by autograph hunters.
The biggest change was that the film-makers swapped the protagonist from Ram Mohammad Thomas - whose name could be Hindu, Muslim or Christian - to Jamal Malik, a Muslim whose mother dies at the hands of Hindu vigilantes.
The idea was to make the narrative "more dramatic" but Swarup said he had liked the notion of the hero as an Indian "everyman".
He hotly rejected suggestions by critics that both the book and the film were "poverty pornography" seeking to exploit the misery of India's destitute.
The topic has become so sensitive that on one recent Indian TV show, a panel debated whether "selling of Indian poverty" was the ticket to success in the West.
Meanwhile Bollywood legend Amitabh Bachchan has been drawn into the fray, denying he accused the film of glorifying India's seamy underbelly.
"The film is about life. The hero is the ultimate underdog who beats the odds. It's a story of triumph," Swarup said, vehemently rejecting suggestions that he set out to show "the dark side of Indian life".
Touches of reality Slumdog was conceived when Swarup was on the last few months of a London diplomatic posting.
His wife and two sons, now 12 and 16, had returned to India and he was left with time on his hands and turned to his laptop on which he typed out the novel's dramatic first line - "I have been arrested. For winning a quiz show."
Inspiration for the story came from a tale of a British major who was found guilty of cheating his way to victory on Britain's Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Swarup said he thought if a British major could be accused of cheating, "it would be most likely that a slum boy would be accused of cheating if he won the show."
Quick read The result was a fast-paced page-turner turned out at astonishing speed.
He completed the 382-page novel in four months and the editors demanded no rewrites.
He is the first to admit that his manner of writing is not intellectual in the style of many Indian authors who are long on adjectives and descriptions.
"I'm not one for lengthy descriptions of setting suns or scenery. I like to get on with the story." Swarup set the tale in Dharavi, Asia's biggest slum, a sea of corrugated tin rooftops and winding alleys in Mumbai. But he had never set foot in Dharavi before he wrote the book.
"I'd been to other slums and I researched Dharavi," he said. In fact, he said his representation of the slum was so authentic someone who knew the place intimately asked him how many years he had lived in Dharavi.
"I thought it was a great compliment," he said.
His characters range from prostitutes to film stars, slum-dwellers and glue sniffers.
"You don't need to have lived these things, you need imagination, you need empathy. I'm a firm believer that we're all the same people, rich or poor. Once you get under our skins we all feel the same things - the same emotions."
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Storyteller of implausible success'Slumdog Millionaire' author and diplomat Vikas Swarup discusses his good fortune
By JANE SINGER Special to The Japan Times
Imagine this: An Indian diplomat in London churns out his first novel during a two-month hiatus before his next posting. The novel becomes an international best-seller and is translated into 42 languages. Before the book is even printed it has been optioned for a film, which goes on to win eight Academy Awards.
Sounds totally implausible, to be sure, but no more than the novel's premise itself — that of an unschooled Indian waiter who triumphs on a TV quiz show.
The film, of course, is this year's global hit, "Slumdog Millionaire," and the diplomat is Vikas Swarup, 48, author of the book "Q&A" and a second novel, "Six Suspects." Serving since August as the Indian consul general for the Kansai region, based in Osaka, the diplomat with a 23-year career discussed his improbable good fortune in a recent interview.
Except for a story in grade school, Swarup hadn't published a word before writing "Q&A" in 2003. But inspired by London's effervescent literary scene, he thought he might have a book in him.
"My first novel was a challenge to myself," he recalled. "No one had an inkling that I was working on it. I wrote the book instinctively and with spontaneity, but the reason I could write it in two months was because the main character, Ram Mohammad Thomas, is just telling a story. I think much of the appeal of 'Q&A' is that it has the impact of an oral account."
Even more than the simplicity of the story's voice, what was appealing about the book, Swarup felt, was its unique structure, in which the protagonist's life story is revealed through each question asked on a quiz show.
His model was the program "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire," which was as big a hit in India as it was in the West (and in Japan, where "Millionaire" host Mino Monta's query "Final answer?" has entered the local lexicon). He was also influenced by the 2001 case of Maj. Charles Ingram, who was convicted of cheating on a "Millionaire" broadcast in Britain.
Swarup himself, descended from a family of lawyers in the northern Indian city of Allahabad, would appear to have little in common with his "slumdog" protagonist. But he suggested that "with empathy you can imagine what character's life and perspective would be like. That is what enables you to appropriate emotions that are beyond your domain."
A year before the book was released by publisher Doubleday/Random House in 2005, U.K. producers Film4 optioned film rights for the story. "I was completely surprised, as there was really no tradition until then of Indian novels being made into movies by Western producers, except for period pieces," Swarup said.
Swarup met with director Danny Boyle and screenwriter Simon Beaufoy, who explained that the book title would be changed and some major scenes cut for the movie, but, he said, they "promised to be faithful to the soul of the book."
As Swarup joked in a speech at the Japan Writers' Conference in Kyoto in October, "When a filmmaker says that, you can be sure that the body will be pretty well mangled." Still, Swarup diplomatically professed to be quite satisfied with the film adaptation, which retained the book's central narrative structure.
Swarup was attending the movie's Mumbai premiere when he learned that "Slumdog" had been nominated for a staggering 10 Academy Awards. The modest Indian civil servant suddenly came in for much more than 15 minutes of fame.
He recalled being hounded by the media for interviews and later finding himself, looking slightly bewildered, onstage at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood on Oscar night, when "Slumdog" won eight of the awards it was up for, including Best Picture.
"Danny Boyle had said 'I don't care if we don't win anything, but I wanted everyone involved with the movie to be there.' " That included the lead child actors from the Mumbai slums, who not surprisingly lacked passports or travel fare. Swarup, in his diplomatic guise, helped secure passports and U.S. visas for the children within 24 hours, allowing them to arrive in Los Angeles within days.
About the film's global appeal, Swarup said, " 'Slumdog Millionaire' was the right film for the right time. Increasingly, the 21st century is about India and China. There has been interest in China for decades, but India is new territory. This was also a film about hope. At a time of economic crisis and uncertainty this uplifting film spoke to people about their hopes and aspirations."
The current worldwide surge of interest in India may be sparked by the nation's rollicking economic and population growth, but it also speaks to an increasing familiarization with Indian culture via yoga lessons, curry dinners, Bollywood films and Indian-inflected call center assistance.
This fascination extends to Indian literature in English, which is as common today on best-seller lists as it is on shortlists for literary awards.
"Indian writers have appropriated English as an Indian language, and that gives a certain freshness to the way we write. Also, the themes you can get in India and the kind of spectrum from the very high to the very low, from the call center worker to the day laborer, cannot be found elsewhere. It allows you to extract stories that give your writing such depth and richness."
During a posting to South Africa, Swarup wrote his second novel, "Six Suspects," which he described as a "murder mystery explored through the anatomy of a murder." The book has also been optioned for a film by a production team that includes the BBC and the screenwriter John Hodge, best known for the film "Trainspotting."
Swarup, who writes on weekends when he is not at official functions, is now working on his third book, a coming-of-age story set in a fictional Eastern European country.
Despite his tremendous literary successes, Swarup feels no desire to give up his day job. "I take pride in representing India. And what better time than now, when India's story has caught the imagination of the world."
He credits the Indian government for allowing him "full freedom for creative expression," despite writing fairly harsh depictions of Indian corruption and police brutality in his fiction. "My books may highlight corruption, brutality and venality, but they also show that if these things come to light there is rectification. The voiceless do have a voice; democratic mechanisms and accountability do exist. So I think the eventual message is positive."
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Photograph: David Levene/Guardian |